RUBBER..............PLANT

An exotic plant,rubber has reached kerala when dutch colonialists introduced the rubber plant to kerala.botanically known as havea brasiliensis,rubber is endemic to south America.it produces sticky white latex that is collected and processed to produce natural rubber.

kerela is the leading rubber plantation state in India.rubber is cultivated in most of the highlands and midland areas

The rubber is harvested by rubber tappers who make a long curving cut on the outer bark of the trunk of the rubber tree.the latex from within tree seeps to the surface of the cut and trickles down the cut into a container tied to the tree by the rubber tapper.

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS in KERALA..

-NH 17 = THALAPPADY-EDAPPALLY                                          420.777 KM

-NH 47= WALAYAR-KALIYIKKAVILA                                        416.800 KM

-NH 47 A=WELLINGTON ISLAND TO KOCHI BYPASS           5.920     KM

-NH 49= BODIMETTU-MUVATTUPUZHA-KOCHI                     167.593 KM

-NH 208=KOLLAM-ARYANKAVU-THIRUMANGALAM           81.280 KM

-NH 212=KOZHIKODE-KALLINGEL                                           117.600 KM

-NH 213=KOZHIKODE-PALAKKAD                                            125.300 KM

-NH 220=KOLLAM-KOTTAYAM-KUMILY-THENI                      190.300 KM

SCHWANNOMA surgery..(BRAIN TUMOR)

Schwannoma is a benign

nerve sheeth tumor composed of schwann cells which normally produce the insulating myelin sheeth covering peripheral nerves

schwannoma are very homogeneous tumors consisting only of schwann cells.the tumor cells always stay outside the nerve but the tumor itself may either push aside or up against bony structures causing damage to the nerve.schwannomas are relatively slow growing..

ELEPHANT REHABILITATION CENTER (KAPPUKAD)..tourist center in kerala(india)

 Its an part of agasthyavanam biological park circle

Elephant have been an integral part of India's history,tradition,myth and culture.they have been captured,tamed,domesticated and bred in captivity.they have been used in battle,hunting,religious and ceremonial occasions and to manage other elephants.the giant beats enjoy a very special place in the minds of people and culture of kerala.

LOCATION

The rehabilitation centre is located 3 kms from kottor and 30 km from trivandrum city.from kovalam the access is through balaramapuram-kattakkada.the site is flanked by waters of neyyar reservoir and moist deciduous forests and grass lands

TIME TO VISIT

Morning between 9.30 and 11.30 is ideal.it is the time when elephants are bathed and fed

JOIN ELEPHANT BATH

Bathing of elephants in the reservoir is interesting to watch.visitors can also lend a helping hand to the mahout in scrubbing the elephant to clean them

EXPERIENCE ELEPHANT RIDE

visitors can experience the thrill of an elephant ride in the centre

ENJOY FEEDING ELEPHANTS

Cooked rice and jaggery are made in to the shape of balls and feed into their mouth.visitors are permitted to go near elephant to witness this lovely seen

WATCH ELEPHANT 

BEHAVIOUR

Observing different moods of elephants is very interesting...

STAY IN FOREST HOSTELS

Nature enthusiasts,elephant lovers,nature study tour groups etc can stay in the forest hostels available at the center.essential catering facilities are attached to the hostels

TREKKING PACKAGES

ONE DAY TREKKING TO KATTADIKKUNNU(4 KMS)

TWO DAYS TREKKING TO MEENMUTTY FALLS(15 KMS)

THREE DAY TREKKING TO MEENMUTTY-THEERTHAKKARRA-AGASTHYARKOODAM.

DOS and DONT'S in this place

Observe total silence and discipline in the centre

Do not smoke and consume alcoholic drinks in the centre

Do not disturb or tease the elephants

Do not harm the Eco system of the locality

Do not attempt to swim in the reservoir

Do not pollute reservoir

Do not litter surroundings of the centre

Keep the centre a plastic free zones

Trekkers are advised to use jungle boots and leech proof socks

Avoid perfumes when approaching elephants it may irritate them

Keep a watch  on children accompanying you

Do not collect plant materials from the locality

Respect local culture and heritages

Obey the instructions of the guides and officials

Carry drinking water and snacks during trekking

PADMANABHAPURAM PALACE....

Constructed around 1601 ad by Iravipillai Iravivarma Kulasekhara Perumal who ruled travancore between 1529 AD and 1609 AD.

                                   (KUDHIRA VILLAKE)

Padmanabhapuram palace complex is located at padmanabhapuram fort,close to the town of thukalay in kanyakumari district,Tamil nadu.

In the 18th century ,the capital of travancore was shifted from here to thiruvanthapuram.the palace complex continue to be the best example of traditional kerala architecture,and some portions of the sprawling complex are also the hall mark of traditional kerala architecture.

it is located about 50 km away from trivandrum.the palace complex at the foot of the veli hills,is inside an old granite fortress around four kilo meters long.the river valli flows nearby.the place is administered by Archaeology department of the government of kerala.

CARE OF FABRICS.....................................

1.A TEAR SHOULD BE IMMEDIATELY DARNED AND PATCHED

2.MISSING BUTTONS REPLACE QUICKLY

3.ARTICLES OF CLOTHING'S SHOULD BE FOLDED NEATLY AND PUT IN THE SHELF OR HUG UP ON CLOTHES HANGER TO RETAIN SHAPE.

4.NEVER HANGS GARMENTS DIRECTLY ON A NAIL OR A HOOK.THEY LOOSE SHAPE AND RUN THE RISK OF GETTING TORN

5.GARMENTS ONCE WORN SHOULD NEVER BE FOLDED AND KEPT IN A SHELF

6.TAKE OFF YOUR CLOTHS YOU WORN DURING THE DAY AND NEVER WEAR SAME THING IN NIGHT.EVEN IF IT IS CLEAN IT DOES NOT ESCAPE SWEAT AND DUST

7.REMOVE STAINS WHEN THEY ARE FRESH

8.PLACE EACH GARMENTS IN IT'S PROPER PLACE OR RACK

9.CLEAN YOUR SHELF AND SPRAY WITH SUITABLE INSECTICIDES

10.THE MORE YOU CARE FOR THEM THE BETTER THEY WILL SERVE YOU.

COSMETIC HAZARDS..........

Cosmetics such as hair lacquer,hair spray,perfumes,etc.packed in aerosol dispensers have found their way into a number of Indian homes.

Aerosol packages present a potential fire and explosion risk.most of the packs used fluoridated hydrocarbon propellants and chlorinated compound's in  the form of liquefied gases.these are non flammable.some of the packs however,use propane and butane,which are highly inflammable.not only the propellant,but even the product packaged in an aerosol dispenser may be inflammable.for example hair lacquer may contain a large proportion of ethyl alcohol,and even combustible material with a fairly high flash point such as oil and can form explosive mists when dispersed in the form of spray.

Care must,therefore,be taken to ensure that these sprays are kept away from ignition sources and are not used in the presence of heat.they should be used in well ventilated rooms and kept in cool places out of direct sunlight.

KEEP YOUR HOME SAFE FROM ELECTRICAL FIRES - A CHECKLIST.....

1.HAVE YOU MADE SURE THAT THE HOUSE HOLDING WIRING DOES NOT SHOW ANY SIGNS OF WEAR AND TEAR?

2.DO YOU HAVE ELECTRICAL REPAIRS AND ALTERATIONS CARRIED OUT BY A QUALIFIED ELECTRICIAN?

3.ARE WIRES RUNNING THROUGH MATS OR CARPETS OR THROUGH DOORWAYS WHERE IT MAY CRUSHED?

4.IS TEMPORARY EXTENSION KEPT TO A MINIMUM?

5.ARE YOUR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES ADEQUATELY EARTHED?

6.DO YOU CONNECT ONLY SINGLE ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES TO A SINGLE SOCKET OUTLET AT A TIME?

7.DO YOU REMOVE THE PLUG FROM THE SOCKET AFTER THE USE OF THE APPLIANCES OVER?

8.ARE PLUG POINTS LOW LEVEL ADEQUATELY COVERED SO THAT CHILDREN ARE NOT TEMPTED TO POKE THEIR FINGERS / PENCILS INTO THE PLUG HOLES?

9.IS SUFFICIENT VENTILATION PROVIDED FOR THE RADIO,REFRIGERATOR,AND TV SO AS TO ALLOW HEAT TO DISSIPATE?

10.HAS YOUR ELECTRICAL IRON SAFE STAND THAT KEEPS IT CLEAR OF THE IRONING BOARD OR TABLE?

11.IS YOUR TV SET SWITCHED OFF LAST THING AT NIGHT AND UNPLUGGED?

12.DO YOU SWITCH OFF ELECTRICITY AT THE MAINS BEFORE LEAVING FOR A HOLIDAY? 

 (YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO ANSWER "YES" TO ALL THE QUESTIONS EXCEPT NO:3.IF THERE ARE ANY "NO"{ITEM NO:3-"YES"},TAKE ACTION RIGHT AWAY TO SET MATTERS RIGHT.)

DANGERS FROM CLOTHINGS............

There are four ways in which our clothes may be a source of danger to us.

Though the clothing is used as a protection,yet it is worse and useless,if it is allowed to become dirty and collect germs.Even perfectly cleaned cloths can pickup germs if we are in contact with people suffering from contagious diseases.That is why it is necessary for those nursing the sick to change their clothes before mixing with people who are well.

sterilisation of an infected patients clothing is specially important in the case of diseases like chickenpox,measles,smallpox,typhoid and soon.

it is dangerous to sit in wet clothes.a chill breeze playing on wet clothes will cause our skin to become cold.if you are wet and cannot change,keep moving until the moisture has evaporated as generally it happens in a hot climate

Ready made clothing is sometimes made under very insanitary conditions and the cheap dyes used may poison the skin

Dhobies are sometimes unclean and a fungal disease called Dhobis itch may come from clothes washed by them.disease germs from other peoples clothes may be transferred to ours.

ARANMULA KANNADI......(india)..kerala

An example for uncommon technical skill and manufacturing dexterity,aranmula kannadi is a special kind of mirror formulated by polishing a bell metal plate until it shines,made by mixing up lead and copper in a particular ratio by melting them down.aranmulakkanadi is named after its place of production,aranmula.in many important museums in the world aranmulakkanadi is exhibited as a rare object now.the only metal mirror available in the world.

the aranmula kanndai is a front surface reflection mirror,which eliminates secondary reflections and aberrations typical of back surface mirrors,where the image is reflected from the bottom layer where mercury is pasted.

Thus one can say that a person sees his real image reflected only in the aranmula kannadi

WAYANAD...(kerala)..INDIA..tourist destination..

-Smallest density of population

-Highest in adivasi population

-Only district in kerala that shares borders with two states

-District with no costal areas and railway lines

-Migration to wayanad serves the theme for S.K.POTTAKAD'S "vishakanyaka"

-Paniyar,kurichyar,kurumar,kattunayakar,adiyaan,kaadan,and uraali are the adivasi communities live here

-Smallest number of panchayats

-Kalpetta is the only municipality

THALUKS AND VILLAGES(in bracket)

vythiri(18),sulthan bathery(15),mananthavady(16)

BLOCKS

kelpetta(10),sulthan bathery(8),mananthavady(7)

GRAMAPANCHAYATH-25

MAIN ROAD- NH 212

TOPOGRAPHY

Comprising an area of 2,132 sq.kms.lakkidi,vythiri and meppadi are the high rainfall areas.high altitude regions experience sever cold.

wayanad lies between north latitude 11 degree 27' and 15 degree 58' and east 75 degree 47' and 70 degree and 27'.it is bounded on the east by nilgiris and Mysore districts of tamilnadu and karnataka respectively.,on the north by coorg district of karnataka,on the south by malappuram and on the west by kozhikode and kannur

IMPORTANT PLACES TO VISIT

MUNIYARA

A prehistoric stone vaults used for burring purpose.its about 5000 years old.remnants of the stone age tools and pottery have been discovered from here .presently displayed in wayanad heritage museum at ambalavayal

THALIYOLA LIGITHANGAL

The scripts found in "OTHAYOTHU THARAVADU"are believed to be about 500 years old.apart from these scripts on bamboo reeds have also been preserved by this family.it is located near pongini bagavathy temple about 1 km off the meenangadi-panamaram road

OTHER PLACES

Chembra peek,edakkal cave,
kuruva island,pakshipathalam,sulthan bathery jain temple,pookot lake,
kanthanpara waterfalls,soochipara waterfalls,

banasura sagar dam,
thirunelli temple,valliyoorkavu temple,sita lava-kusha temple,thrissilery shiva temple,meenmutti water falls,chengeripara,house of edachana kunkan,thovarimala and various churches and mosque.